A blog about chemistry, drug development, science, and technology
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In some recent publications I’ve been reading, I came across a list of some compounds that may become blockbusters (sales of more than $1 billion a year). I found it interesting and wanted to post the list here. These are all already filed or in late phase III trials.
| Drug | Company | Indication | Type |
|---|---|---|---|
| Acomplia | Sanofi-Aventis | weight-loss | small molecule |
| Actemra | Roche | rheumatoid arthritis | biologic |
| CERA * | Roche | anemia | ? |
| Galvus | Novartis | type 2 diabetes | small molecule |
| Paliperidone | Johnson & Johnson | schizophrenia | small molecule |
| Panitumumab | Amgen | colorectal cancer | biologic |
| Prasugrel | Eli Lilly | antiplatelet agent | small molecule |
| Rasilez | Novartis | hypertension | small molecule |
| TAK-390MR | Abbott | night time hearburn (GERD) | small molecule |
| Torcetrapib/atorvastatin | Pfizer | cholesterol | small molecule combo |
• = Continuous Erythropoiesis Receptor Activator
It is interesting that Roche is the only company with two compounds on this list.
Search results for each drug from Yahoo!
• acomplia
• actemra
• cera “Continuous Erythropoiesis Receptor Activator”
• galvus
• paliperidone
• panitumumab
• prasugrel
• rasilez
• TAK-390MR
• torcetrapib atorvastatin
Technorati Tags: blockbuster drugs
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Most of you know that I produce a podcast about finding information on the Internet called appropriately enough “Searching the Internet“. The most recent episode (number 9) covers finding images and photos online.
In an effort to improve my podcast and to meet some fellow podcasters, I will be attending the Podcast and Portable Media Expo in Ontario CA from Sept 29-30. I’m looking forward to the event as there are many talks and presentations on a wide variety of topics from corporate podcasting to podcasting as a business to podcasting as a hobby.
I’m looking forward to meeting many of my fellow podcasters whom I have never met. Several of them I have exchanged email and audio comments with but have no idea what they look like, so maybe I’ll just close my eyes and listen for voices I recognize
There are actually a few who I know from photos online of last years conference or from their websites. I’ve heard people describe the conference as a cross between a blind date and a high school class reunion!
Also, I’m going to try and keep posting during the time I’ll be away (Sept 28-Oct 2) but did want to let folks know if that doesn’t happen it because I’m soaking in all that this conference offers.
Technorati Tags: podcast, podcast expo
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There seems to be no end to the M&A activity in the pharmaceutical industry. Gilead, recently purchased the contract manufacturer Raylo and now has agreed to purchase Corus in Seattle, WA.
Gilead Exercises Option to Buy Corus for $365M
One of the products that they will acquire in this purchase is aztreonam lysine for inhalation to be used to against Gram-negative bacteria including Pseudomonas aeruginosa. This is common in patients with cystic fibrosis. This website has more information on aztreonam lysine and cystic fibrosis.
Aztreonam by itself is interesting because it came out of work from a major pharmaceutical company where I started my career and back then there was still some development going on for next generation compounds. These are interesting because there are very few monobactams that show anti-bacterial activity.
Wikipedia actually has an entry on aztreonam.
Here’s a link to a paper for a related compound that was being researched back in 1997 entitled
“Antibacterial Activity of BMS-180680, a New Catechol-Containing Monobactam“.
ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS AND CHEMOTHERAPY, May 1997, p. 1010–1016 Vol. 41, No. 5
Here is the structure of this compound.
Note these have the same monobactam core and only differ in the oxime group. I should also note that the isomer of the oxime is important too, only the isomer show has activity.
Another related paper by some people I use to work with describes an efficent synthesis of azetreonam.
Regioselective Activation of Aminothiazole(iminoxyacetic acid)acetic Acid: An Efficient Synthesis of the Monobactam Aztreonam, Org. Proc. Res. Dev., 2002, 6, 863.
Technorati Tags: antibiotics, Corus, Gilead, monobactam, aztreonam, Raylo
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Dr. von Eschenbach, the acting FDA Commissioner will be giving an address today to outline his views of where the FDA should be moving in the future.
I’m looking forward to hearing what is said and maybe more importantly, what is not said.
Technorati Tags: FDA
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I don’t normally read the Washington Times, but did see a headline on Findory and had to see what they were saying. Basically, the editorial says that Bush should use a recess appointment for Dr. von Eschenbach as commissioner of the FDA.
A chief for the FDA - Editorials/Op-Ed - The Washington Times, America’s Newspaper:
I find this article to be misleading and very counter-productive. The FDA needs a strong clear leader to be able to fight for the agency on capitol hill and to set a direction for the agency. Having someone in charge who was appointed in a round about way to avoid congressional approval certainly won’t start him off on a good footing with Congress.
The editorial makes a lot out of Dr. von Eschenbachs credentials and I don’t think anyone would debate those; it’s a way of creating positive spin without dealing with the real issue. That is will the agency be making decisions based on strong scientific evidence from the experts in the field or will they be used for political pandering. Note that I avoid the term “sound science”. This phrase is a republican code word for “only science that agrees with us”. For more on this, read “The Republican War on Science” (Chris Mooney). He talks about this in chapter six.
I hate to even quote from the article and give them more exposure but feel the need to correct some misrepresentations.
But leadership in limbo undermines authority. It has made it hard for the agency to move forward or respond to congressional overseers who are more interested in promoting their careers than the public health.
How does poking your finger in the eye of the very folks who are overseeing your agency give a leader any authority? I think the senators are indeed protecting the public from the FDA making poor decisions based on politics rather than solid scientific evidence. The former commissioner has admitted under oath that he violated the agency’s own procedures and processes by making a unilateral decision counter to the scientific experts within his own agency.
The holdup can be blamed on Sens. Hillary Clinton and Patty Murray, who, as today’s Op-Ed “Distorting science” notes, are blocking his nomination until the FDA agrees to make the contraceptive Plan B, or “morning-after” pill, available without a prescription and without any restrictions on age or access.
Neither senator has ever said the FDA MUST APPROVE Plan B. They have said the FDA should make a decision one way or the other. Here is a quote from Hillary Clinton and Patty Murray which makes this clear:
For more than two years, the FDA has dragged its feet on making a decision, putting ideology over science. It is past time for the FDA to stop dragging its heels and make a decision on Plan B. We will place a hold on the nomination of Dr. von Eschenbach until the FDA issues a decision on Plan B, yes or no.
Here is a quote from Patty Murray:
“This time around, we are being very firm,” said Sen. Patty Murray (D-WA). “The FDA needs to follow its own rules and make a decision, yes or no on Plan B, and their credibility is at stake. We will hold up this nomination until that decision is made.”
The FDA had said they would come to a decision in a certain timeframe but then didn’t meet their own self-imposed deadline. This fiasco has been going on over three years. I also don’t think either senator has ever said there should be no age restrictions. The FDA keeps delaying making a decision and the announcement just one day before the hearing was another example. It only brought up new issues that could be used to further delay any action.
The FDA and Dr. von Eschenbach have decided that women 18 and over should have such access while younger women can still get it with a prescription.
That isn’t quite true. The FDA has asked Barr Labs to meet and have further discussions concerning these issues. No decision has been finalized. Here is the quote from the FDA’s website:
In the letter to Duramed, the Agency communicated its plan to proceed working with the Sponsor in order to move Plan B from prescription only to over-the-counter status for woman ages 18 and older.
Note that Duramed is a subsidiary of Barr Labs.
The senators don’t want a permanent commissioner. They want a decision that makes their base happy.
This is a case of the pot calling the kettle black. The whole reason the FDA has dragged their feet making a decision on Plan B is due to political pandering of the current administration to the religious right. This is what these Senators are trying to prevent. It should be noted that Dr von Eschenbach is a personal friend of President Bush.
Capitulation to this ransom demand would open the FDA up to political manipulation of the rankest sort. This is not about science and health. If it were, Dr. von Eschenbach would be confirmed in a heartbeat. This is about attacking the administration, just as its opponents did when they blocked John Bolton’s nomination as U.N. ambassador.
The FDA has already become politicized. What the editorial meant to say was that this would prevent the agency from becoming more politicized in the direction that the current administration wants.
Here is another illuminating quote from an article on US Medicine.com. Note this was written in April 2006 before the recent confirmation hearings. Although a timeframe for the confirmation hearing was set, there is no such corresponding timeframe from the FDA on when they would make a decision.
There is not as yet a timetable for confirmation hearings, or one for FDA to make a final decision on the Plan B application. A considerable amount of criticism has been directed at the agency for its handling of the application-both from Congress and from a number of professional medical organizations.
A Government Accountability Office (GAO) report released in November documenting GAO’s investigation of FDA’s handling of the Plan B application showed a number of inconsistencies in that application review process, and included testimony from several FDA officials that they were asked by superiors to withhold their support of the application for reasons they believed to be political rather than medical.
Here’s a link to the whole GAO report. I think the fact that the GAO report says that people within the agency felt the process was political rather than scientific means this nomination should indeed be held until after the FDA makes a decision on plan B.
Other Resources
• RedOrbit - Health - EDITORIAL: Time for Plan B: An FDA Nomination Held Hostage for Understandable Reasons
• FDA Candidate’s Future Depends On Morning After Pill’s Fate
• FDA Chief Calls For Meeting With Barr Subsidiary, Says Age Restriction In Nonprescription Plan B Application Should Be Raised To 18
Technorati Tags: FDA
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Just wanted to alert folks to a very good article (somewhat technical) on mapping the genome of the bird flu H5N1. It is from G&P Omics, June 2006, vol. 6, no. 5
Mapping Avain Flu Mutationss: Tracking a changing virus
I found it to be an informative article and one of the better ones on Avian flu. This isn’t a major media fluff piece but a well written article covering the science of the genomics and changes of the avian flu (H5N1).
Technorati Tags: bird flu, H5N1
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Lately, I’ve noticed that some of the deals between small companies and big pharma have been growing in terms of payments to the small companies. This leads me to wonder if some companies are getting desperate to bring in drug candidates and since there are so few projects with good to great potential, the price of these deals has increased.
As an example, Pozen, a small company in North Carolina recently struck a deal with Astra-Zeneca.
newsobserver.com | Pozen signs new drug partnership, stock jumps
Pozen gets an up-front payment of $40 million and the possibility of $160 million if certain regulatory events occur and another $175 million if certain sales are met once it is approved. Here is the Pozen’s press release. This is for a new pain reliever which is a combo of naproxen and esomeprazole in a fixed formulation. Both of these are already generics drugs themselves and the product PN200 is currently in phase II studies.
Here are some other deals within the last year or so and the values. Deals with no value disclosed are not included.
• Anadys and Novartis (June 2005) deal for ANA975 for chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) and hepatitis B virus (HBV) infections up-front payment of $20 million and another $550 million in milestone payments. The compound is in phase I studies.
• Affymax and Takeda (Oct 2005) deal for Hematide, synthetic, peptide-based, designed to stimulate the production of red blood cells. Up-front $17 million plus $10 million in stock purchase and $75 million in milestone payments. The compound is in early phase II studies.
• Vertex and GlaxoSmithKline (Dec 2005) deal for VX-409 for pain. Up-front $20 million and $385 million in milestone payments. The compound is in preclinical studies.
• Vertex and Janssen Pharmaceuticals/Johnson&Johnson (June 2006) deal for VX-950 for hepatitis C virus. Up-front payment of $165 million and $380 Million in milestone payments. The compound is in phase II.
• Coley Pharmaceutical and Pfizer (2005) deal for CPG 7909 for the treatment, control and prevention of multiple cancer indications. Up-front payment of $50 million and $455 million in milestone payments. The drug is in phase II.
I’m sure there are many more but based on my experiences these deals seem to be getting better for the small company, especially the for early phase compounds that seems to have potential.
Feel free to comment or send me emails about other deals I may have overlooked. Here are some search results form Yahoo and Google that find quite a few of these.
Resouce
• upfront up-front payment milestone pharmaceutical - Yahoo! Search Results
• upfront up-front payment milestone pharmaceutical - Google Search
Technorati Tags: drug development, pharmaceutical deals
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There has been some talk recently of improving the drug development process by including the use of biomarkers. Now, I’ll be the first to admit this is somewhat out of my area of expertise; I’ve always been involved on the manufacturing side, but I wonder if the FDA will really quickly buy into this approach. I know from my experience in developing oncology drugs that the FDA wanted to see an increase in overall survival; that is the gold standard as it should be. The company I worked for suggested several surrogates mainly to get a good idea of who the drug may help and to determine more quickly if development should be discontinued. The feedback was that the FDA would not be considering such data in our filings.
So, maybe biomarkers will work for other areas, but my experience in oncology was that the FDA still wanted to see overall survival. But then maybe it will slowly change as more evidence comes in.
Resources:
• RedOrbit - Health - Research and Markets: The FDA is Encouraging the Use of Biomarkers in Clinical Trials and, in a Few Cases, Requiring the Development of Companion Diagnostics
• The FDA Is Encouraging The Use of Biomarkers In Clinical Trials
• Safety Biomarkers Help to Reduce Drug Attrition
Technorati Tags: biomarkers, FDA
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As most of you know, I have a podcast called Searching the Internet: Practical advice and tips on searching the Internet. It covers using various Internet sites to find the information you need. I haven’t done any interviews on my podcast because getting them to record correctly was somewhat of a pain until now.
Rogue Amoeba (I love that name and their “mascot”) has updated Audio Hijack Pro (AHP) to version 2.7 and has made it very simple and easy to record any VOIP client including Skype Gizmo, and iChat. This is something I had been wanting in AHP for a while now and maybe I’ll now try to do some interviews.
Their weblog (entry for July 31, 2006) has the instructions:
And so, for v2.7, we’ve simplified it down to the following:
Step 1. Create a new session for iChat, Skype, or Gizmo Project
Step 2. Click Record
Not only is there no Step 3, there isn’t even a joke “There’s no Step 3″ step. Make your session, hit Record, and it just works.
They also make it possible to record each end of the conversations on separate tracks! This is especially useful if you have someone who’s voice isn’t loud enough and you need to do some manipulation in post-production. You can easily increase the volume of just one side of the conversation.
Go read their weblog, it has a nice visual tutorial on using Audio Hijack Pro v2.7.
I should note that this can be used for so much more than just podcasting. If you need to capture audio and you use a Mac, this software is for you!
I must say, I’m a very happy user. Also, the price is more than reasonable for software that works this well ($32; or $10 upgrade from Audio Hijack). Version 2.7 is a free upgrade to anyone who has v2.x.
Technorati Tags: audio, Audio Hijack Pro, audio software, Rogue Amoeba
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Major thought leaders have agreed that Aromatase Inhibitors such as Arimidex (from Astra Zenaca) are superior to Tamoxifen as an adjunct to early breast cancer treatment.
Read the article for more information. I want to comment on the molecules themselves.
Here is the description from the prescribing information (pdf) for Arimidex:
ARIMIDEX®(anastrozole) tablets for oral administration contain 1 mg of anastrozole, a non-steroidal aromatase inhibitor. It is chemically described as 1,3-Benzenediacetonitrile, α, α, α’, α’-tetramethyl-5-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-ylmethyl). Its molecular formula is C17H19N5and its structural formula is:
Anastrozole is an off-white powder with a molecular weight of 293.4. Anastrozole has moderate aqueous solubility (0.5 mg/mL at 25°C); solubility is independent of pH in the physiological range. Anastrozole is freely soluble in methanol, acetone, ethanol, and tetrahydrofuran, and very soluble in acetonitrile. Each tablet contains as inactive ingredients: lactose, magnesium stearate, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, polyethylene glycol, povidone, sodium starch glycolate, and titanium dioxide.
I can’t help but make an observation based on my process development background. The molecule is symmetrical which makes synthesis easier. It also is achiral; it doesn’t have any chiral centers. In my days of process development, I’d love to have a project such as the synthesis of this molecule land on my desk.
Let’s compare Arimidex to tamoxifen. Here’s the description from the prescribing for Nolvadex:
NOLVADEX (tamoxifen) tablets, a nonsteroidal antiestrogen, are for oral administration. Chemically, NOLVADEX is the trans-isomer of a triphenylethylene derivative. The chemical name is (Z)2-[4-(1,2-diphenyl-1-butenyl) phenoxy]-N,N-dimethylethanamine 2 hydroxy-1,2,3-peopanetricarboxylate (1:1). The structural and empirical formulas are:
Tamoxifen citrate has a molecular weight of 563.62, the pKa’ is 8.85, the equilibrium solubility in water at 37 ªC is 0.5 mg/mL and in 0.02 N HCl at 37 ªC, it is 0.2 mg/mL.
I should also mention that Astra Zenaca use to manufacture tamoxifen under the brand name Nolvadex but has discontinued the commercial manufacturing and distribution of it. There are other sources for generic tamoxifen.
Back to the synthesis of tamoxifen; I can remember being in graduate school and first seeing this molecule and coming up with routes to he molecule. First, since it is only the trans isomer it has to be either sperated from the cis isomer or made in a sterospecific manner. Both of these are more difficult than the synthesis of anastrozole.
Other Resources
• ARIMIDEX - Postmenopausal Women with Hormone Receptor-Positive Early Breast Cancer
• Nolvadex Online, Description, Chemistry, Ingredients - Tamoxifen Citrate - RxList Monographs
• Arimidex Online, Description, Chemistry, Ingredients - Anastrozole - RxList Monographs
• Tamoxifen (3Dchem.com; chemical information)
Technorati Tags: anastrozole, Arimidex, breast cancer, Tamoxifen
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